X鈥憆ay Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Using XPS to study the chemical composition of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI)
Electrolyte reacts at the surface of charged electrodes, causing a buildup of electrolyte decomposition products. This layer of decomposition products is known as the 鈥渟olid-electrolyte interphase鈥� (SEI). The SEI strongly influences the lifetime of the cell. Understanding the chemical nature of the SEI allows insight into the chemical reactions which cause cell failure and improves the understanding of the effect of beneficial electrolyte additives.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)is聽 a聽 highly sensitive technique聽 for聽 identifying聽 and聽 quantifying聽 the聽 chemical states聽 of elements on the outermost surface of a solid. It is especially useful for determining the chemical composition of thin films, such as the SEI. Using a specially designed, air-tight 鈥渟uitcase鈥�, shown in Figure 1a , samples of aged electrodes can be transferred, without exposure to air, into the XPS system, shown in Figure 1b.聽
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