About the author: Richard leBrasseur is an assisant professor of landscape architecture and director of the at 黑料吃瓜网.
From the street, you wouldn鈥檛 be able to tell a net-zero or passive house from any other recently built home. Even from the inside, the only visible clues are thick walls and deep windowsills. Only if you looked at the utilities bill would you know.
鈥淣et-Zero鈥� and 鈥淧assive House鈥� are certification labels for ultra-low energy buildings that use very little energy to heat and cool them.
Although the origins of the passive house date back to the 1970s, its popularity only began to spread in the past decade or so. . Globally, passive house construction has and is increasing as people seek cost benefits, ways to protect the climate and contribute to a healthy living environment.
As Canada and other countries around the world look for ways to decrease their dependence on fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions to tackle climate change, the housing and construction industry has been identified as one area that can have an almost immediate impact.
Save on climate control
Buildings account for of energy use in Canada. In a typical house that鈥檚 been constructed according to the building code, roughly .
There really hasn鈥檛 been a significant shift in the way houses are built since the 1960s. But now allow for high-performance houses to be built with lower carbon emissions through the use of fibre-reinforced concrete, prefabrication, smart-glass and recycled and sustainable materials such as cork flooring and wool insulation.
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A passive house can cut energy use by 90 per cent. Its thickly insulated walls, air-tight construction, high-efficiency mechanical systems, compact building shape and orientation capture the heat of the sun when it鈥檚 most needed. They are easier to operate, maintain temperatures more efficiently and save up to , mostly through the use of an energy recovery ventilator to exchange the interior air with fresh outside air.
A net-zero building produces as much energy as it consumes. It starts with an energy-efficient building envelope (walls, foundation, roof), high-quality windows, and high-efficiency heating and ventilation systems to keep the overall consumption as low as possible. Renewable energy sources like rooftop solar panels provide enough power to operate it. They can store energy or sell it to the grid when they produce more than needed.
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Building high-performance, energy-efficient passive homes costs more 鈥� about home built to code, after incentives. And the certification process itself runs about $5,000, but the costs can be recouped through . For example, the average monthly energy savings on the net-zero home will be significantly greater than the added monthly mortgage payment cost.
Over the past decade, the costs of renewable energy , a trend powered by strong government schemes around the world. Solar energy production costs have fallen the most of any other energy source since 2010, dropping by nearly .
Benefits of a net-zero home
The high costs of heating oil and electricity 鈥� and growing awareness of climate change and carbon emissions 鈥� are drawing people to net-zero homes. As the costs of solar photovoltaic systems and heat pumps fall and become more readily available 鈥� even 鈥� highly energy-efficient homes are .
And you don鈥檛 need to live in sunny California . Net-zero homes can be built almost anywhere, even in places with brutal winters.
Air-tight and well-insulated, a net-zero home maintains its temperature by recovering heat from the outgoing air to heat the air coming into the house. This decreases the need for additional heating and cooling, and with a constant supply of fresh incoming air and high-level air filtration.
Rare in Canada
These sorts of buildings are still a rarity in Canada. According to the Canada Home Builders Association, there are , and in the country.
Yet Canada was briefly a world leader in passive design. In 1976, when gas prices doubled virtually overnight, a Saskatchewan Research Council engineer named Harold Orr designed and built a pioneering energy-efficient and solar-powered passive house in Saskatoon. was so radical that engineers from around the world came to see it. But then cheap gas and oil returned, and energy-efficient homes were forgotten.
Each province has for residential and commercial customers to reduce or eliminate a building鈥檚 energy consumption by selling extra energy back to the electrical grid. British Columbia鈥檚 energy efficiency program, , provides financial incentives to switch to high-efficiency heating equipment and to make improvements to the building envelope that save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Europe has through . But Canadian provinces and cities could do more.
Although the federal government announced in July that it was investing , only seven certified builders will benefit.
Canada鈥檚 residential construction industry must support energy efficiency; architects, builders and contractors are beginning to give a strong look at building with Passive House and Net-Zero technologies and standards. Consumers also play a role; upgrades to existing homes that increase energy efficiency and affordability help move towards net-zero energy.
This ublished on The Conversation, which features includes relevant and informed articles written by researchers and academics in their areas of expertise and edited by experienced journalists.
黑料吃瓜网 is a founding partner of The Conversation Canada, an online media outlet providing independent, high-quality explanatory journalism. Originally established in Australia in 2011, it has had more than 85 commissioning editors and 30,000-plus academics register as contributors. A full list of articles written by 黑料吃瓜网academics can be found on t.